Higher Education in Pakistan Ills and remedies

1. Introduction
2. Types of Education

• Formal education
• Informal education

3. An Overview of Higher Education Setup in Pakistan

• Statutory position
• Administrative system
• Institutes

4. Ills Prevailing in Higher Education System of Pakistan
A. Infrastructure-related Ills

• Lack of institutes
• Missing necessary facilities
• Overcharging by private-sector institutions

B. Human Resource-related Ills

• Meagre strength of faculties
• Lack of motivation in members of faculty
• Lack of skills and expertise
• Meagre strength of support staff
• High dropout ratio at elementary level

C. Curriculum-related Ills

• Curriculum not in consonance with domestic needs
• More focus on mere theories
• Presence of mistakes and errors
• Lack of analytical approach
• Uninteresting and monotonous descriptions
• No focus on character-building

D. Teaching Methodology-related Ills

• Promotion and encouragement of cramming
• No focus on conceptual study
• Monotonous style of teaching

E. Examination-related Ills

• No testing of analytical skills
• Use of unfair means in examination halls
• Inconsistent style of grading

5. Factors Responsible for the Presence of Ills

• Budgetary constraints
• Myopic vision of the policymakers
• Distracted attention of the government
• Bureaucratic hurdles
• Poor growth of economy
• Commercialization of education
• Missing element of morality in the society
• Persistently-rampant corruption
• Incapacity of concerned HR departments

6. Impacts of Flawed Higher Education System

• Unemployment and underemployment
• Lack of talent and skills
• Devastating impacts on different sectors of economy
• Deteriorated image of the state
• Social degradation
• Increase in lawlessness and crime

7. Recommendations for the removal of Ills of the Higher Education Sector

• Devising sharply-focused, meticulously-planned and thoroughly-integrated policies
• Allocating reasonable budget to higher education
• Tapping of indigenous mineral, geographical and human resources to enhance the availability of funds
• Introduction of civil service reforms to improve the bureaucratic structure
• Mature, responsible and objective role of media for the upgrade of moral standards of the society
• Tightening the monitoring and regulatory mechanism to curb the commercialization of education
• Devising pragmatic policies for maximum utilization of available resources
• Focus on skills development of education- related human resource
• Annual revision and upgrade of curriculum
• Use of technology to improve the examination standards
• Attracting best brains to education sector by improving perks

8. Conclusion