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Science and Public Trust It all began when Covid-19 struck early this year. Science wasn’t ready for it and all known medicines were useless. To add to the despair, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in America, as well as the World Health Organization (WHO), poured in buckets of confusion with contrary advisories, hurting science, like dams kill wildlife.Multi-speak …

In Conversation with Muhammad Furqan 28th in Punjab, PMS 2019-20 Jahangir’s World Times (JWT): First of all, please tell us about your educational background?Muhammad Furqan (MF): I studied till matriculation at Central Public School in Khanpur and did my FSc from Alpine College of the same city. Then, I moved to Lahore for pursuing higher education, and graduated from LSE …

A Beginners’ Guide to  Marxism  A Revolutionary social, political and economic philosophy Brief Biography of Karl MarkKarl Heinrich Marx, a great 19th-century philosopher, is famous for his ideas about capitalism and communism. Born 5 May 1818 in Trier, Prussia, in today’s Germany, Marx is also accredited as an economist, a socialist and a mystic owing to varied interpretations of his landmark writings …

Human Rights and Culture Human Rights have been defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948. The basic aim of the UDHR was the achievement of common rights. Human rights are inter-related, inter-dependent and indivisible, and equally important. They have different aspects that include civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. Cultural rights, in a domestic context, …

In the simplest of terms, free trade is the total absence of government policies restricting the import and export of goods and services. While economists have long argued that trade among nations is the key to maintaining a healthy global economy, few efforts to actually implement pure free-trade policies have ever succeeded. DefinitionFree trade is a largely theoretical policy under …

Understanding the  International System International Relations is becoming increasingly relevant as the world grows more and more interconnected through trade and commerce, migration, the internet and social media, as well as through concerns about pressing global environmental problems. As a field of study, International Relations addresses international political economy, global governance, intercultural relations, national and ethnic identities, foreign policy analysis, …

Modern Monetary Theory Economics for the 21st Century We may be on the cusp of a revolution in the field of economics. It seems that everything we thought we knew about public finance over the past 40 years has been wrong. A new economic theory has emerged that could rewrite our understanding of how governments create and spend money and …

DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN KASHMIR Last year, the Indian government introduced a new set of laws for Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK), including domicile rights for Indian citizens that will alter the demographic status of the Muslim-majority Himalayan region. The new domicile law is a result of a historical, political and policy myopia of India’s current dispensation, which has …

Jurisdiction under UNCLOS of 1982 To comprehend the starting point from which any water bodies are measured, the concept of baseline comes into play. As per Articles 5 and 7(1) of UNCLOS III, there are two types of baselines: normal and straight. Per Article 5, “The normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line …

Five Lessons for a Post-Pandemic World. A year that was largely defined by the Covid-19 pandemic finally ended, but challenges still lie ahead for the global community to deal with. During this year, after fighting with the first wave of coronavirus pandemic Covid-19, we entered the second phase of it. Covid-19 vaccines—some using innovative mRNA techniques, and developed by international …