Exam Pack

Five Ways Coronavirus is Deepening Global Inequality 1. JobsThe pandemic has increased inequality between workers. Lockdown policies enacted by many governments to suppress the spread of the virus have particularly hurt the working poor in developing countries. For these workers, who depend on a daily wage and casual work, the inability to travel to their places of work has led …

What is International Relations International Relations is the study of the interaction of nation-states and non-governmental organizations in fields such as politics, economics, and security. It is a discipline that studies interactions between and among states, and more broadly, the workings of the international system as a whole. It can be conceived of either as a multidisciplinary field, gathering together …

Precis & Composition Q1 (A): Synonyms1. Defenestration: Ejection 2. Sot: Drunkard3. Visceral: Intuitive4. Deracinated: Uprooted5. Bricloge: Fusion (Note: The word was wrongly spelt; it should have been Bricolage) 6. Miscegenation: Crossbreed 7. Demiurge: Deity8. Alluvial: Muddy 9. Hagiographic: Flattering 10. Tousled: Disheveled Q1 (B): Antonyms1. Clerisy: Commoner2. Feral: Tamed3. Demagogue: Conformist4. Bibulous: Nonabsorbent5. Pabulum: Trash6. Quisling: Loyalist7. Chiaroscuro: Bright8. Caitiff: …

Science and Public Trust It all began when Covid-19 struck early this year. Science wasn’t ready for it and all known medicines were useless. To add to the despair, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in America, as well as the World Health Organization (WHO), poured in buckets of confusion with contrary advisories, hurting science, like dams kill wildlife.Multi-speak …

In Conversation with Muhammad Furqan 28th in Punjab, PMS 2019-20 Jahangir’s World Times (JWT): First of all, please tell us about your educational background?Muhammad Furqan (MF): I studied till matriculation at Central Public School in Khanpur and did my FSc from Alpine College of the same city. Then, I moved to Lahore for pursuing higher education, and graduated from LSE …

A Beginners’ Guide to  Marxism  A Revolutionary social, political and economic philosophy Brief Biography of Karl MarkKarl Heinrich Marx, a great 19th-century philosopher, is famous for his ideas about capitalism and communism. Born 5 May 1818 in Trier, Prussia, in today’s Germany, Marx is also accredited as an economist, a socialist and a mystic owing to varied interpretations of his landmark writings …

Human Rights and Culture Human Rights have been defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948. The basic aim of the UDHR was the achievement of common rights. Human rights are inter-related, inter-dependent and indivisible, and equally important. They have different aspects that include civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. Cultural rights, in a domestic context, …

In the simplest of terms, free trade is the total absence of government policies restricting the import and export of goods and services. While economists have long argued that trade among nations is the key to maintaining a healthy global economy, few efforts to actually implement pure free-trade policies have ever succeeded. DefinitionFree trade is a largely theoretical policy under …

Understanding the  International System International Relations is becoming increasingly relevant as the world grows more and more interconnected through trade and commerce, migration, the internet and social media, as well as through concerns about pressing global environmental problems. As a field of study, International Relations addresses international political economy, global governance, intercultural relations, national and ethnic identities, foreign policy analysis, …

Modern Monetary Theory Economics for the 21st Century We may be on the cusp of a revolution in the field of economics. It seems that everything we thought we knew about public finance over the past 40 years has been wrong. A new economic theory has emerged that could rewrite our understanding of how governments create and spend money and …