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Pakistan’s first major foreign policy decision was obligated by India’s hostility, manifest in refusal to respect the principles of the partition and transfer Pakistan’s share of British India’s assets, including the ordnance stores that left Pakistan’s Armed forces of 50,000 men without weapons for defence. In order to secure its independence, the new born state was in need of funds. …

“We have an individualism without rules, manifested in family indebtedness, families without parents, parents without families, illiteracy, the homeless, ghettos, refugees, marginal people, drugs, violence, delinquency, exploitation, white-collar crimes, political and economic corruption, the unscrupulous grasping of power, genetic engineering, experimentation on human beings, etc.” Synopsis Introduction Postmodernism Religion and Postmodernism Challenges: (a) Political: Drawbacks of democracy Majority rules Public …

Decentralization is a popular theme of the modern world. It is being widely accepted as a symbol of good governance and political modernization as well as an indicator of the quality of democratic process. Indeed, a democracy works when all people including the most marginalised ones participate in the process of governance, have capability to ask questions and seek accountability. …

Before discussing gender stereotypes, it is pertinent to know as to what exactly stereotypes are. Stereotypes are beliefs, positive or negative, that people hold about a particular group and its members. Stereotyping is supposed to be a normal cognitive process. Individuals come across a high volume of information on daily basis when they interact with other individuals of diverse backgrounds. …

Among many basic human rights the right to information is of pivotal importance. It has been incorporated in the constitution of democratic countries as well as in international human rights documents. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are the examples of primacy accorded to …

At the outset, this article defines the term sexual harassment at workplace that is not clear to most of the working women since they have no education on the subject in the broad-spectrum academic disciplines. Further, it goes into the description of sexual offences at workplace and the options available to women against any such wrongdoing. The major section illustrates …

Facts 1. Incheon was awarded the right to host the Games on April 17, 2007, after it defeated Delhi, India in the race. Official Name: The 17th Asian Games Incheon, 2014 Duration: September 19 – October 4, 2014 Competition Venues: 49 Participants: 13,000 athletes and officials Participating Countries: 45 members of the Olympic Council of Asia Total Medals: 439 in …

The concept of Pakistan in the light of Iqbal’s Allahabad Address. Allama Iqbal’s presidential address to the 25th session of the All-India Muslim League that was held at Allahabad on 29 December 1930 — commonly known as the Allahabad Address — holds a great significance in the Pakistan Movement because in this address, he conceptualized the idea of a separate …

Metaphors are central in the forming of perceptions. These have greater impact on recipients. The closest in metaphor resembling Pakistan’s crisis is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. It is a problem play. When folly reaches a point, the wrongdoers eliminate each other. What in fact happens is that everyone distorts the reality to fit the circumstances. What happens to executives is that the …

At present, the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) is under immense pressure to raise tax-to-GDP ratio essential for creating fiscal space. To take up all types of tax-related matters including determination of various taxes and duties and finalizing tax ratios, a tax reform commission is in the offing. Given limited fiscal space, narrow tax base and poor tax compliance, presenting …