Civil service in Pakistan, especially over the past two decades, has been trying to develop, and adapt itself to the changing circumstances so as to live up to the expectations of the common man. Changes have taken place in the form of introduction of information technology, establishment and development of specialized bodies to deal with new and dynamic issues relating …

“If your plan is for one year plant rice. If your plan is for ten years plant trees. If your plan is for one hundred years educate children.” ― Confucius The people of the world share a common destiny as far as the impact of environment is concerned. No one can escape the hazardous effects of environmental degradation until the …

E-governance or electronic governance implies a smooth and convenient interface between the government and the citizen with the help of Information and communications technology (ICT). While e-governance can’t entirely replace manual governance, its application, even though limited, is good enough to affect day-to-day living of the people. E-governance i.e. use of computers in government business and service delivery at door …

Regulatory agencies/bodies are institutions created by governments to provide certification, registration, licensing or regulatory affairs thereto ensuring the protection of public interest and other similar components of control. They make rules, implement them and prosecute the violators by performing quasi-legislative, administrative and quasi-judicial functions. They are, therefore, called the fourth branch of the modern government. Being multi-member bodies, they are …

The approaches to the study of Public Administration can be categorized from normative approach to empirical approach; and from philosophical approach to behavioural approach. Each concentrates on different aspects of studying public administration. Classification of approaches is based upon the objects of study the individual scholar seeks to emphasize. The main approaches are: Philosophical approach Legal approach Historical approach Scientific …

In army, there are two kinds of units; one, line unit and the other, staff unit. Line officers command the troops in the battlefield. They actually fight war. But the troops in the field are to be supplied with food, medicine, arms and ammunition, etc. These functions are performed by the staff units of the army. These do not fight …

No one can exactly say when term “Development Administration” originated; however, it was discussed by Western scholars like Riggs, Weidner, Watson and others in the mid 20th century. It was first used by Donald C. Stone but further conceptualization and elaboration was done by F. W. Riggs and his contemporaries. The “Development Administration” is concerned with the development of a …

Delegation means entrusting one’s authority to another, usually a subordinate, for facilitating the work of the organization. The person to whom authority is delegated is usually an immediate subordinate and is answerable for the use of the delegated powers to the delegator. It’s a kind of temporary transfer of general routine work for enabling the higher authority to attend to …

Coordination requires the knowledge and understanding of the objectives of an organization by all, not by just a few, at the top as it envisages the integration of all the parts functioning in an organization. The best coordination occurs when individuals see how their jobs contribute to the dominant goals of the enterprise. Coordination means synchronization of efforts. Without following …

In public service, morale is an indication of a sound employment situation and a positive means of building an efficient and effective organization to achieve its goals smoothly. We can strongly infer that it arises out of a socio-psychological situation or a state of mind in which persons voluntarily seek to enhance their potentials to accomplish the task they are …