Css Solved Current Affairs Paper 2011

Q. How Pakistan can reduce foreign debt? Suggest mechanism in Pakistan economy to handle external perspective of Pakistan economy?

Ans. To reduce the foreign debt, Pakistan needs the structural changes in its economy. The reliance on external financing has rusted away the country’s economic potential. To minimise the dependence on the external hand, it needs to set its economy on the stable basis for growth, getting off the roller coaster, reducing the imports and balance of payments and diversifying resources for the export promotion. Hence, the structural changes in economy will make it stable and reduce the possibility of foreign debt.

Mechanism to reduce foreign debt:

        Structural changes
a)    Reducing the government expenditure
b)    Stable basis for growth
c)    Getting off the roller coaster economy
d)    Reducing the balance of payment
e)    Export promotion
f)    Reducing the import
g)    Expanding tax base
h)    Implementation of RGST
i)    Proper collection of utilisation of the public finance
Access to foreign markets for Pak’s products
Promotion of free trade with the neighbouring and friendly countries
Encouraging the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Taping the domestic natural resources to strengthen the economy
Farsightedness in the mega policy framework.

To conclude,

Economic integration leads to the political integration. Political integration leads to peace, prosperity, stability and democracy.

Q. Give recommendations to make SAARC as an effective organisation at regional level keeping in view the success of European Union?

Ans. An across the board strategy is needed to make the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as an effective regional organisation. Its failure to meet the aims and objectives has discredited it as a vital regional body. The regional disputes, least cooperation in the socio-politico-economic fields and the unsatisfactory regional progress are the testimony to the fact. Nevertheless, along with strict adherence to set aims and objectives, an overhaul of the policy framework and like European Union, sincere regional cooperation will surely revitalise the organisation at regional level.

Recommendations to make SAARC effectives:

• Sincerity among the leaders of the region
• Strict adherence to aims and objectives of the body
• Mandatory abide by the decisions of the body
• Efforts to resolve the regional disputes
• Implementation of South Asian Free Trade Organisation (SAFTA)
• Plugging the communication gap
• Whole hearted cooperation in the socio-politico and economic fields
• Single currency like EU’s Euro
• Encouraging tourism
• Educational and technological progress
• Economic integration
• Peaceful co-existence policy (No ideological difference)

In short, all above mentioned points should be attempted in an appropriate way so that one can understand the difference between the SAARC and EU.

Q. If India is granted permanent seat in the Security Council. What can be the options available to Pakistan to manage the Indian hegemony in South Asia?

Ans. India’s permanent entry into Security Council may cause its hegemony and power race in South Asia. To counter this, Pakistan can resort to optimistic, peaceful co-existence and power balancing approach. Moreover, Pakistan, utilising its strategic locations, can seek the international help to gain the similar position. In addition to this, for the broader regional interests, Pakistan should evolve joint mechanism to gain regional peace, stability and progress.

Options available for Pak:

1. Pakistan should strive for membership of Security Council
2. Power balancing (Advanced technology)
3. Peaceful co-existence policy with India
4. Promotion of trade between India and Pakistan
5. Educational progress
6. Efforts to combat terrorism
7. Resolution of long standing political disputes
8. India must be forced to sign NPT
9. Efforts to make SAARC effective
10. Promotion of democracy
11. Media should play optimistic and positive role
12.  Think-tank should come forward to mould the typical mindset

    Q. What is climate change impact?
    Ans. The most dangerous issue which the world is commonly facing is climate change. It is the gradual rise in Earth’s lower atmosphere with far-reaching impacts. It brings unusual rainfall, natural calamities, devastation to agriculture, extinction of marine life, worse pollution, and death and diseases. Its impacts on Pakistan are equally harmful; last year’s flood endorse this fact. However, to control the menace of atmosphere, the world needs to purse the Green Programme. Less reliance on fossil fuels, use of alternate energy, plantation, awareness, and implementation on Kyoto Protocol are very vital measure to cope with the issue of climate change. Below is the discussion over three-dimensions of climate change; its impact, implication on Pakistan and suggestion for tackling the issue.

    Impacts of climate change:
    1)    Change in rainfall patterns: (Acid rain, prolong monsoon) BD: 99, USA: 2004 (hurricanes)
    2)    Wave of natural calamities: (Tsunami, earthquake, floods) Europe 2002, floods.
    3)    Effects on agriculture: (South Asia and East Asia)
    4)    Extinction of species: 30-40 per cent extinction, a prediction
    5)    Extinction of Island: Bangladesh, Australia, Japan (Three cm rise per decade in sea-level)
    6)    Pollution
    7)    Water wars: India ‘Pakistan
    8)    Death and diseases: homelessness (100-200m), 150000 deaths, 5m illnesses WHO

    Implications for Pakistan (among most affected countries)
    1)    Water ‘issue: with India; with provinces
    2)    Effect on agriculture
    3)    Floods and cyclones: 99, 2002, 2010
    4)    Food crises: sugar, floor
    5)    Displacement of people
    6)    Death and diseases
    7)    Economic’ crises
    8)    Urbanisation

    Suggestions
    1)    Less reliance of fossil fuels
    2)    Use of bio-fuel
    3)    Plantation and forestation
    4)    Implementation of Kyoto Protocol
    5)    Use of geo-thermal energy
    6)    Use of solar energy
    7)    Clean technologies
    To conclude,
    Climate change is the growing concern of the world as well as of Pakistan. Due to this, the mankind is suffering from worst socio-economic and natural crisis. Thus, there is an urged need to control anti-earth schemes and nourish earth like a tender flower.

    Q. What is AF-Pak policy; how to manage its implication on Pakistan?
    Ans. AF-Pak policy is a new American war scheme of an old war is Afghanistan. It is three-pronged strategy: military surge in Afghanistan; more participation of Afghan civilian parts and involving Pakistan. The AF-Pak policy has serious implications on Pakistan. The increase in drone attacks, ‘do more syndrome’ and American intelligence involvement in Pakistan speak volumes. Pakistan has to bring all its diplomatic and political forces united to protect its national and strategic interests. The paper will define the angles of AF-Pak policy and some suggestions for managing interests of Pakistan.

    AFPAK Policy
    Three dimensions
    a) Military surge in Afghanistan.
    1)    30000 more troops (totaling 137,000)
    2)    Starting withdrawal from July 2011

    b) Making civilian parts less dysfunctional
    1)    Fight against corruption.
    2)    Good and bad’ Taliban.

    c) To work with Pakistani government.
    1)    Aid (Military and non-military).
    2)    Long-term cooperation promise.

    Suggestion for Pakistan
    1)    Challenge drone attacks.
    2)    Question American quick withdrawal.
    3)    Durand Line infiltration check.
    4)    Working close with Afghan administration.

    Q. Give suggestions to manage political instability in Pakistan.
    Ans. Since very inception of Pakistan, it has been in political turmoil. Factors necessary for socio-political and economic liberty are retired to create political stability in Pakistan. For social reforms each segment of society should get equal rights without exploitation. For political rights, each province should seek their due share. For economic area, no mafia or group could create hurdle in the way of prosperity. Thus, the spirit of reforms is needed to make Pakistan a strong stable democratic state.

    Suggestions to manage political instability in Pakistan
    Stable democratic system.
    Good governance.
    Grass root democracy.
    Reforms in electorate system.
    Visionary leadership.
    Technocracy.
    Constitutional reforms.
    Military into barracks.
    No personalisation of politics.
    Political education.
    End of feudalism.
    Economic growth and prosperity.
    Supremacy of law.
    Independence of judiciary.
    Accountability and transparency.
    Re-structuring institutions.

    In brief, Pakistan is in dire need of a strong political culture. In this context, proper implementation mechanism of above mentioned suggestions can be helpful to manage political instability in Pakistan.

    By: Dildar Ali Abro