Exam Pack

Social Media and International Relations According to IR theorist and author, David Bollier “The internet and other information technologies are no longer a peripheral force in the conduct of world affairs but a powerful engine for change.” Over the last decade, we have seen social media help create radical change and shift countries towards equality and democracy, such as the …

OIC and Two Big Challenges Mehboob Hussain Babar Since its inception, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has many challenges to deal with, but Palestine and Kashmir remain the most dominant issues on its agenda. However, it is also true that it has been unable to pressure the world into solving these issues.

Modernization and Development The main features of a modernized society include: having independent government, high level of urban life, high level of literacy, high level of human motivation, high level of industrialization, high level of educational services for all, high level of freedom of expression and high level of democratization.  In addition to these, social justice is another component which …

Lahore Resolution 1940. Pakistan’s establishment as an independent and sovereign state was the end-product of a long drawn evolutionary political struggle. It aimed at creating a homeland for the Muslims of British India who wanted to secure their civilizational and political identity, rights and interests against the fear of being overwhelmed by an unsympathetic, at times hostile, majority. Pakistan Resolution …

India South Asia’s hegemon At India’s bidding, smaller countries in South Asia toe the Indian line in regard to the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation and other international forums. In 2005, Washington showed its intention ‘to help India become a major world power in the 21st century (K. Alan Kronsstadt, Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, India-US Relations updated, …

Grinding Poverty in Pakistan Is Ehsaas Program a panacea? Since its inauguration in 2018, the Imran Khan-led government has focused more on poverty eradication than any other programme. Without disturbing the landmark poverty alleviation project, i.e. the Benazir Income Support Programme, the PTI government initiated its own projects that are innovative and sustainable as well. Panah Gahs have been functional …

Global Society in the Modern World Is inequality a solvable issue? One of the key current trends in global politics is the gradual shift from ‘pure’ geopolitics and the hard/soft power of sovereign states to global problems (environmental, resource, demographic and social). The past decade saw the term ‘global problems’ itself crystallize into a new concept, the Global Commons, understood …

Introduction  Feminism is a Janus-faced concept as it is, on the one hand, the most over-used notion in the twenty-first century, and the least understood one, on the other. Its celebration comes from understandings such as women movement and freeing women from the long-standing patriarchy of men. It is an elephant-in-the-room-like myth that it is a women missionary working against …

Fabricated Truths – The legacy we are leaving behind Pakistan is a country where majority thinks that philosophy is disbelief, use of science is permissible but it is a route to hell and most of the discourse is mythologized. Such assumptions are likely to hinder a scientific and critical thinking among people. Notably, the human history has undergone various phases …

Disarmament A less-talk- about subject  Despite the fact that the dimension of waging a war has veered off from using nuclear weapons, as economic warfare between countries over the years has gained momentum, great fear resulting from the eventuality of outbreak of war remains there. Possibility of being attacked and snatching off of their sovereignty is what makes countries eschew …