A welfare state is determined by the type of government. If the government provides all the services for the welfare or wellbeing of its citizens, then it can be called a welfare state. Such a government is a part of the lives of its people at every extent. It caters for the physical, material and social needs. The main objective …

Bernadotte Croce, the famed Italian philosopher, lays down that “the practical requirements which underlie every historical judgement give to all history the character of ‘contemporary history’ because however remote in time events there recounted may seem to be, the history in reality refers to present needs and present situation wherein those events vibrate”. As with history, so with the lives …

Historically, the Pak-Afghan relations have often seen fluctuations, especially in the last three decades. During the Zia era, President Dauod and General Zia-ul-Haq reached a consensus to ‘freeze’ all the unresolved issues between the two countries, and start working for a prosperous beginning for the both brotherly states. However, unfortunately, their understanding had to be short-lived as the communist coup …

Results of the recent elections to the European Parliament astounded leaders and political scientists alike. The rise of the far right is being seen as a threat to the very existence of the EU, as indicated by British government’s overtures. This is the most crucial time in the history of Europe as a great paradigm shift has been witnessed. The …

A famous English writer and poet Walter Savage Landor once said, “We talk on principle, but we act on interest.” The undeniable reality about relations among states is their vault on interests. Interest only is the permanent thing that sets the overall goal and agenda of a country’s foreign policy. With the turn of events in the international arena, a …

During the Cold War, when the world stood divided between socialist and capitalist camps, foreign policy of any country was reflective of its internal policies. Theoretically, countries having pro-people, welfare-oriented policies were considered socialists whereas those subscribing to unbridled capitalism were in Western or capitalist camp. There were also non-aligned countries, but from those, India and Pakistan were not only …

“Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (SMS/MMS).” (Halder and Jaishankar) The Internet has radically changed …

The art of war is of vital importance to the state. It is a matter of life and death, a road to safety or ruin. Therefore, it is a subject that must be thoroughly studied. (Sun Tzu) It was 500 BC when the Chinese scholar said what remains absolutely true even today. I selected this saying to further my viewpoint …

Pakistan and the Regime Change in Neighbouring Countries. After almost a decade, new leaders in the countries on eastern and western borders of Pakistan emerged. In India, after 10-year-long rule of the Congress, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has come at the helm with Narendra Modi becoming country’s fifteenth Prime Minister. Similarly, in Afghanistan, end to a decade-long rule of …

HISTORICAL OPPORTUNITY OR CONTEMPORARY OPPORTUNISM? The recent crisis that is threatening Iraq in the form of ISIS has brought to the fore the issue of the probable independence of Kurdistan as the newest state in the world. While the Kurds see the present crisis as a historical opportunity to consolidate their much-desired sovereign state on the plea that Iraq as …