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Guillotine:<\/span><\/b> a device for beheading a person by means of a heavy blade that is dropped between two posts serving as guides (widely used during the French revolution)\/ an instrument for surgically removing the tonsils.<\/p>\n ‘During the French Revolution many important ruling monarchs were guillotined by the masses.’<\/p>\n Miso pedia:<\/span><\/b> hatred of children, especially one’s own.<\/p>\n God Speed :<\/span><\/b> Good fortune; success (used as a wish to a person starting on a journey, a new venture)<\/p>\n God Speed as you are going to pursue higher studies.’<\/p>\n Posthumous:<\/span><\/b> occurring after one’s death. (Posthumous novel, award etc).<\/p>\n ‘Saadat Hasan Manto was posthumously honored by Nishan-e-Imtiaz.’<\/p>\n Silhouette:\u00a0<\/span><\/b> a two dimensional representation of the outline of an object.<\/p>\n ‘This picture has just amazingly captured the silhouette of Badshahi Masjid.’<\/p>\n Pair of Words:<\/span><\/b> Conservative, conservative:\u00a0<\/span><\/b> if the word is with small c, it means rigid, conventional, opposed to change whereas with capital C it refers to a member or supporter of a Conservative political party.<\/p>\n Currant, current:<\/span><\/b> a currant is a small, dark grape. Current is a flow (of electricity, water) and also it is related to something existing in the present time. Decent, descent, dissent:<\/span><\/b> Decent refers to being good, respectful and ethical.\u00a0 Descent <\/b>is a movement downwards and Dissent refers to disagreement.<\/p>\n He is a decent <\/b>person.’ Doris May Lessing, Prisons We Choose to Live Inside (1986)<\/p>\n Two of the justices dissented from the majority’s decision.’<\/p>\n Reading Comprehension:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Reading is an independent, silent, purposeful, active process which demands focus and attention. You have to construct meaning after interacting with the text. In the CSS exam, there is always a question related to comprehension passage which follows questions to answer. This time I am sharing the qualities of an effective reader.<\/p>\n These tips can help you attempt the particular question in a better way.<\/p>\n The effective reader sets goals. (For you is to find answers so read the questions first)<\/p>\n The reader focuses on the title, subtitles, illustrations, repetitive words to get an idea about the text.<\/p>\n The reader makes predictions as he reads.<\/p>\n The reader reads selectively and assesses what should be ignored.<\/p>\n The reader uses word-attack skills and guesses the meanings of difficult and unfamiliar words from the context.<\/p>\n The reader relates the given information to his prior knowledge. (As per his exposure, experience, and reading.)<\/p>\n The reader reads effectively and efficiently (not wasting so much time on the given passage.)<\/p>\n Fluent readers scan, skim and evaluates. (scanning: reading for finding specific information, skimming: quick reading to get the gist and main idea)<\/p>\n The effective reader uses the syntax and utilises the non-text (punctuations, signs).<\/p>\n The reader recognises the implications and makes inferences (conclusions).<\/p>\n Particularly for comprehension passage, read quickly to get the general idea, look at the questions and then re-read to find the content of the given questions. Finally you have to use your own words to compose the answers.<\/p>\n
\nComplement, Compliment:\u00a0<\/span><\/b> a compliment<\/b> is an expression to admire and praise but a complement is something that helps another thing to get completed.
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\n‘He complimented <\/b>her on her elegant dressing.’
\n‘She complemented<\/b> the dish by garnishing with mint leaves and a lemon.’<\/p>\n
\n‘I cannot bear this current<\/b> hectic routine.’
\nThe water current<\/b> at this point of the stream is strong enough to wash away whatever comes in the way.’<\/p>\n
\nEverywhere we look we see brutality, stupidity, until it seems that there is nothing else to be seen but that-a descent<\/b> into barbarism, everywhere, which we are unable to check.\u009d<\/p>\n