{"id":7512,"date":"2017-02-08T12:25:47","date_gmt":"2017-02-08T07:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/jwt2015\/?p=7512"},"modified":"2019-11-19T12:46:48","modified_gmt":"2019-11-19T07:46:48","slug":"english-grammar-shortcuts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/css-exclusive\/css-special\/english-grammar-shortcuts\/","title":{"rendered":"English Grammar Shortcuts"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"English<\/a><\/p>\n

ADVERBS <\/span><\/h2>\n

Rule1:<\/strong> The adverb ‘too much’ is used with nouns and ‘much too’ with adjectives.<\/p>\n

Examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n

His failure is too much<\/span> much too <\/span>painful for me.
\nHis wife\u2019s rude behaviour gives him much too<\/span> too much<\/span> pain.<\/p>\n

Rule 2:<\/strong> Before the word ‘enough’ use an adjective under positive form.<\/p>\n

Examples<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

He is more<\/span> intelligent enough to follow you.
\nShe is enough<\/span> lucky enough<\/span> to get the job.<\/p>\n

Rule 3:<\/strong> Do not use the adverb ‘quite’ when it means perfectly\/ completely with the adjective ‘handsome’.<\/p>\n

He is quite<\/span> very<\/span> handsome.<\/p>\n

Rule 4:<\/strong> Adverbs \u2018Late & Lately<\/strong>\u2019: ‘late’ indicates time and lately means recently.
\nHe was punished for coming late<\/span> lately<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Rule 5:<\/strong> In a sentence that begins with ‘seldom, never, hardly, rarely, scarcely, barely, neither, never,’ use an auxiliary verb before the subject.
\nHardly does<\/span> he goes<\/span> to school.<\/p>\n

After only + adverbial expression<\/strong><\/p>\n

Only by working hard, he got<\/span> did he get<\/span> success.
\nNot only does <\/span>she read but she<\/span> also writes.<\/p>\n

Rule 6:<\/strong> Use adverbial phrase ‘no less than’ with uncountable nouns and with countable nouns, use ‘no fewer than’.
\nNo fewer<\/span> less<\/span> than forty people were killed in accident.<\/p>\n

Rule 7:<\/strong> Don’t use adverb ‘as’ after call and consider.
\nExamples:<\/strong>
\nHe called me as<\/span> a fool.
\nI always consider him as<\/span> my brother.<\/p>\n

Rule 8:<\/strong> Don\u2019t use very with derived adjectives e.g. interested, pleased, satisfied, etc; use \u2018much\u2019 instead.
\nI am very<\/span> much<\/span> interested to play cricket.<\/p>\n

Rule 9:<\/strong> With positive adjectives use ‘very’ while with comparative adjective forms, use ‘much’ .
\nHe is very<\/span> much<\/span> clever to understand it.<\/p>\n

Rule 10:<\/strong> Use ‘very much’ with comparative forms.
\nIt is very much better to stay here tonight.<\/p>\n

Verbs <\/span><\/h2>\n

Rule 1:<\/strong> If the subject is of the third person, singular number (He, She, It) add ‘s’ or ‘es, ies’ to the first form of the verb to make it singular number.
\nExamples<\/strong>:
\nShe plays<\/span> violin every day.
\nThe bird flies<\/span> in the sky.<\/p>\n

Rule 2:<\/strong> The following verbs are not usually used in the continuous form (except in particular cases):
\nsee, smell, feel, hear, notice, recognize, see, think, agree, believe, consider, remember, hope, understand, mind, suppose, hate, love, know, have, want, forgive, keep, prevent, etc.
\nHe is having<\/span> has<\/span> a telephone connection.
\nThe flower is smelling<\/span> smells<\/span> sweet.<\/p>\n

Rule 3:<\/strong> Do not use present perfect tense with adverbs indicating past time; use simple past tense instead.
\nI have seen<\/span> saw<\/span> a film last night.<\/p>\n

Rule 4:<\/strong> Usage of \u201cfor and since\u201d \u2014 use \u2018for\u2019 to indicate period of time (for 2 days, for a long time, etc.,) and since to indicate point of time (since 1996, since morning, since last week, etc).<\/p>\n

Examples<\/strong>:
\nOut teacher is<\/span> has been <\/span>sick for the last two days.
\nIt is<\/span> has been<\/span> raining since last night.<\/p>\n

Rule 5:<\/strong> The present perfect continuous tense is also used for actions that began in the past and are still continuing.
\nI am<\/span> have been<\/span> reading this novel since morning.<\/p>\n

Rule 6:<\/strong> When the first action led to the second action immediately, use simple Past Tense + Simple Past Tense formula.
\nWhen he opened<\/span> the gate, they came<\/span> in.<\/p>\n

Rule 7:<\/strong> When the first action completed before the second one started, use Past Perfect Tense for the first finished action and the Simple Past Tense for the Second one.
\nThe patient had died before the doctor arrived.<\/p>\n

Rule 8:<\/strong> After negative sentences, the question tag used should be in an ordinary interrogative form.
\nShe did not like that book, didn’t<\/span> did<\/span> she?<\/p>\n

Rule 9:<\/strong> After positive statements, use negative interrogative.
\nHe works hard, does<\/span> doesn’t<\/span> he?<\/p>\n

Rule 10:<\/strong> When the verb in the principal clause is in a past tense, the verbs in the subordinate clauses are also in the past tense.
\nHe said that he will<\/span> would<\/span> pass the examination.
\nThey told me that they have<\/span> had<\/span> paid the fees.<\/p>\n

Conjunctions <\/span><\/h2>\n

Rule 1:<\/strong> The co-relative conjunctions such as ‘not only – but also, either – or, neither \u2013 nor, both \u2013 and, though \u2013 yet,’ are used in pairs.
\nThey will either do the work else<\/span> or<\/span> return the money.
\nBoth Akram as well as<\/span> and<\/span> Zahid must finish it.<\/p>\n

Rule 2:<\/strong> Do not use ‘when or before’ after the adverbs “hardly, scarcely”.
\nHardly had he left the place than<\/span> when the bomb exploded.<\/p>\n

Rule 3:<\/strong> Use ‘than’ after ‘rather, other, the subordinating conjunction,.
\nI would rather buy a scooter but not<\/span> than a cycle.<\/p>\n

Rule 4:<\/strong> After the subordinating conjunction ‘lest’, use the auxiliary ‘should’. Lest means If it is not so.
\nWork hard lest you should<\/span> fail.<\/p>\n

Rule 5:<\/strong> The connecting word ‘that’ is used with the adjective phrase ‘the same\/the only\/superlative adjectives\/all
\nThis is the same book which<\/span> that<\/span> I wanted.<\/p>\n

Rule 6:<\/strong> The conjunction ‘or’ is used with not, never.
\nI have never spoken to him nor<\/span> or<\/span> written to him.<\/p>\n

Rule 7 :<\/strong> With the word ‘such’ use the connective ‘that’.
\nThere was such a noise what<\/span> that<\/span> I could not hear his voice.<\/p>\n

Rule 8:<\/strong> ‘Until’ denotes time and ‘unless’ denotes condition
\nExamples:<\/strong>
\nYou will not succeed until<\/span> unless<\/span> you work hard.
\nI want to stay here unless<\/span> until<\/span> she speaks the truth.<\/p>\n

Rule 9:<\/strong> After the connective ‘because,’ do not use ‘so, therefore or as’.
\nBecause he came late, so<\/span> he failed to see her.<\/p>\n

Rule 10:<\/strong> Do not use the word ‘not’ with the connective ’till\/unless\/lest\/until’ in that clause.
\nUntil he does not solve<\/span> solves<\/span> this problem, I will stay with him.
\nUnless they do not<\/span> work sincerely, they will not succeed.<\/p>\n

Rule 11:<\/strong> When ‘since’ is used as a conjunction, it should be preceded by present perfect tense and followed by a verb in the past tense to denote point of time.
\nMany things have happened since I have<\/span> left the school.<\/p>\n

Rule 12:<\/strong> Do not use then with the conjunction ‘if’.
\nIf you work for 8 hours a day, then<\/span> you will get through the examination.<\/p>\n

Rule 13:<\/strong> When two objects are joined by ‘as well, besides, along with, together with, in addition to, except, including with, the verb agrees with the first subject in number.
\nHe as well as his students have<\/span> has gone there.<\/p>\n

Prepositions <\/span><\/h2>\n

Rule 1:<\/strong> Across
\nAcross – On the opposite side of
\nMy cousin lives across the river.
\nAcross – From one side to another
\nThe boy swam across the river.
\nAcross – both sides
\nHe threw the luggage across his shoulders
\nDo not use accidentally, suddenly, etc., with the phrase ‘come across’
\nI suddenly<\/span> came across him.<\/p>\n

Rule 2:<\/strong>
\nBetween is used for two persons, things, etc. and always takes an ‘and’.
\nShe is sitting between Ayesha and Sajida.
\n\u2018Among\u2019 is used with more than two persons or things.
\nThe principal distributed prizes among the winners.
\nAmid or amidst is used for more than two persons\/things
\nIt was hard to hear amid all the cheering.<\/p>\n

Rule 3:<\/strong> During – denotes duration.
\nDuring the war, many people suffered hardship.<\/p>\n

Rule 4: From – is used with past, future tenses.
\nI stayed there from Monday to Wednesday.<\/p>\n

Rule 5:<\/strong> Of – denotes origin and cause.
\nShe comes of a rich family (origin).
\nHe died of Malaria (cause).
\nOff – denotes ‘separation’
\nHe is off duty today.<\/p>\n

Rule 6:<\/strong> After a preposition, use a pronoun under objective case.
\nHe depends on I<\/span> me.<\/p>\n

Rule 7:<\/strong> When two words are connected by and or etc., mention clearly the prepositions to be used with them.
\nHe was surprised at <\/span>as well as pleased with<\/span> her performance.<\/p>\n

Rule 8:<\/strong> Don’t use a preposition with the noun ‘home’ except when it is followed by an adjective in the possessive case.
\nExamples:<\/strong>
\nI went to his home.
\nHe went home.<\/p>\n

Rule 9:<\/strong> After transitive verbs such as ‘discuss, describe, reach, order, tell, demand, attach, resemble, ridicule, etc. no preposition is used. The verbs directly take an object.
\nThe poet describes about<\/span> the beauty of nature.
\nHe ordered for<\/span> two cups of tea.<\/p>\n

Rule 10 :<\/strong> After the verbs \u2018say, suggest, propose, speak, explain, reply, complain, talk, listen, write\u2019 the preposition “to” if any object is used.
\nHe did not reply to<\/span> me.
\nHe suggested to<\/span> her that she should eat less.<\/p>\n

Rule 11:<\/strong> After the verb \u2018enter\u2019 the preposition \u2018into\u2019 should not be used except when it is used with reference to agreement or conversation.
\nHe entered into the premises without permission.
\nThey entered into<\/span> a hot discussion.<\/p>\n

Rule 12:<\/strong> Wait for – Await.
\nHe is awaiting for<\/span> the reply.
\nDespite \u2013 in spite of.
\nDespite of<\/span> his hard work, he failed the examination.<\/p>\n

Rule 13:<\/strong> Dispose of – sell away.
\nHe disposed off<\/span> of<\/span> his scooter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ADVERBS Rule1: The adverb ‘too much’ is used with nouns and ‘much too’ with adjectives. Examples: His failure is too much much too painful for me. His wife\u2019s rude behaviour gives him much too too much pain. Rule 2: Before the word ‘enough’ use an adjective under positive form. Examples: He is more intelligent enough …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":149,"featured_media":7513,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[31,6745],"tags":[6578],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7512"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/149"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7512\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jworldtimes.com\/old-site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}