The 123 Agreement as Counter-Prophecy

Summary. Editor's Note The USA's peaceful nuclear cooperation agreements rarely make headlines, but the one signed with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia stands out as a big deal given longstanding American concerns about nuclear proliferation in the Middle East. It lays the legal foundation for a decades-long, multi-billion-dollar partnership that advances several priority economic and strategic objectives, including nuclear nonproliferation. Although the agreement was hailed as a “historic agreement” by the Saudi press and experts, Trump's subsequent comments claiming to condition the deal on the Abraham Accords spoiled the celebrations. In the following write-up, the author has dissected the agreement from various aspects, and presented some pragmatic foreign policy ways forward for Pakistan.